Lightning is a most spectacular form of nature that can wreak havoc on electrical and electronic systems. To protect against its damaging effects, various lightning protection systems are available, each with its own set of applications, and features.
Among these, there are three most popular options: Solar Panel Lightning Arresters (LA), Surge Protection Devices (SPD), and Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT). These protection systems are exploited to maintain the structural aesthetics of components.
Let’s explore the differences and similarities between these systems to understand which might be most suitable for different scenarios in this guide.
1. Solar Panel Lightning Arrester (LA)
Solar panel lightning arresters, also titled lightning rods, are one of the oldest and most common forms of solar panel lightning protection. They work by providing a path of least resistance for the lightning strike to follow, diverting the electrical energy safely into the ground.
Lightning arresters for solar rooftops are typically installed at the highest points of a structure, such as on rooftops or towers, to attract lightning away from sensitive equipment.
One of the key benefits of solar panel lightning arresters is their simplicity and reliability. They are passive devices that require no external power source and can provide protection for a wide range of applications.
However, LAs are not impactful against all kinds of surges, especially those caused by indirect lightning strikes or switching transients.
2. Surge Protection Devices (SPD)
Solar surge protection devices are active devices designed to protect against transient voltage surges, including those caused by lightning. Surge protection for solar panels is crucial as these devices limit the voltage that reaches connected equipment, thereby preventing damage. Unlike Lightning Arresters, SPDs can protect against a broader range of surges, making them suitable for more applications.
SPDs come in various types, including metal oxide varactors (MOVs), silicon avalanche diodes (SADs), and gas discharge tubes (GDTs). Each type has its advantages and limitations, but all are designed to rapidly divert excess voltage to the ground, protecting sensitive equipment.
3. Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT)
Gas discharge tubes (GDT) are a type of solar PV surge protection device that uses a small gas-filled tube to conduct excess voltage to the ground. When the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the gas inside the tube ionizes. Which then, creates a low-resistance path for the surge to follow.
GDTs are fast-acting devices that can provide effective protection against high-energy surges, including those caused by storm thundering.
One of the key benefits of GDTs is their durability and longevity. Unlike some other surge protection devices, GDTs can withstand multiple surges without degradation at once. This makes them ideal for applications where resilience and reliability are of key importance.
Ultimate Comparison of Systems
When comparing solar panel lightning arresters, solar surge protection devices, and gas discharge tubes, several factors should be considered, including cost, effectiveness, and application. Solar panel lightning arresters are often the most economical option for basic lightning protection but may not provide sufficient protection against other types of surges.
On the contrary, solar PV surge protection devices offer more comprehensive protection but can be more expensive and complex to install. Gas discharge tubes fall somewhere in between, offering a good balance of cost and effectiveness for many applications. Ultimately, the choice of lightning protection system will depend on the specific requirements, including the level of protection needed and the intended budget.
Let’s compare LA, SPD, and GDT, based on their technical aspects.
Comparison between LA, SPD, and GDT
|
Parameter |
Lightning Arresters (LA) |
Surge Protective Devices (SPD) |
Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT) |
|
Clamping Voltage Range |
600V – 100kV |
300V – 600kV |
75V – 6kV |
|
Maximum Surge Current Handling Capacity |
20kA – 300kA |
5kA – 200kA |
5kA – 50kA |
|
Breakdown Voltage Range |
500V – 300kV |
200V – 500kV |
50V – 2kV |
|
Response Time |
Nanoseconds to microseconds |
Nanoseconds to milliseconds |
Nanoseconds to microseconds |
|
Application |
Power distribution, telecom towers, buildings |
Electrical systems, data centers, electronic devices |
Electrical circuits, telecom equipment, power supplies |
|
Components |
Metal oxide varistors (MOV), sometimes combined with gas discharge tubes |
Metal oxide varistors (MOV), gas discharge tubes, capacitors |
Gas-filled tubes that ionize when voltage exceeds a certain level |
|
Maintenance |
Periodic inspection and maintenance |
Periodic testing and replacement if damaged |
Generally low maintenance, occasional replacement if needed |
|
Clamping Voltage Accuracy |
High |
Medium to High |
Medium to High |
|
Response Time Accuracy |
High |
Medium to High |
Medium to High |
|
Cost |
Moderate to High |
Moderate |
Relatively Low |
Conclusion:
In conclusion, solar panel lightning arresters, solar surge protection devices, and gas discharge tubes are all invaluable tools for protecting against lightning and other types of electrical surges. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, so it’s imperative to carefully consider and analyse the requirements of the application when choosing a solar PV lightning protection system.
For an economical option, go with solar panel lightning arresters. But, if reliability and longevity are your major concerns, choose gas discharge tubes over other protection systems. However, choosing the right option might be agitating, so it’s recommended to consult with professionals before making a selection.
